In Lesson 2 you will focus your attention on two cases in the singular form, the Instrumental Case and the Dative Case in the following contexts:

1. Instrumental Case – used after the preposition з (with).
2. Dative Case – used with indirect objects and after certain verbs.

Вислови Expressions

Галло (Алло, Альо) - Hello! This English cognate is used as a phone greeting in North America. In Ukraine, it is more common to hear the French counterpart ‘Allo’.

можна - is it possible or it is possible. This word may be used to question or affirm, depending on its use in a sentence.

Іменники: Відмінки Nouns: Cases

Unit VII introduces you to the Instrumental and Dative Cases, the remaining two cases in the Ukrainian language. To recap, the first five were: Nominative, Vocative, Accusative, Genitive and Locative. You will be pleased to know that you are now at the end of your journey with noun cases in their singular form! All that remains is practice, practice, practice in order to master the case endings. Plural forms of these cases will be covered in the next course – e-mova: Core Ukrainian 20.

Орудний Відмінок
Instrumental Case

In Ukrainian, the Instrumental Case is used in several ways. At this time in your studies, we will use it the following context:

• after the preposition з (with)

Жіночий рід - Feminine gender

In the dialogue Телефон the preposition з is used with the feminine noun Оленка.

Чи можна говорити з Оленкою?

Note that all hard ending feminine nouns change their ending from a to ою.

панна --- з панною

Чи ти розмовляєш з панною Жук?

Feminine nouns ending in the soft/iotized vowel я change their ending to ею.

Соня --- зі Сонею

Я іду на футбол зі* Сонею.

* The preposition з changes to зі before the letter 'c'.

Чоловічий рід – Masculine gender

All hard ending masculine nouns take the ending ом in the Instrumental Case.

ending + ом

Роман --- з Романом

Masculine nouns which end in the vowel o will change to ом

тато --- з татом

Я йду додому з татом.

All soft ending masculine nouns take on the ending ем or єм.

ь --- ем

Василь --- з Василем

й --- єм

Андрій --- з Андрієм

Formulating Questions for the Instrumental Case

The questioning phrase З ким ...? ( With whom…?) is used to create the question for the sentences given above.

З ким ти йдеш на футбол? With whom are you going to soccer?

Я йду з Катрусею й Дем’яном. I’m going with Katrusia and Demyan.

VII. Exercise 2.i

Part А. Read each sentence aloud. Underline the noun which appears in the Instrumental case and write the Nominative case of the noun in the space given on the right.

1. Тереса грає в карти з Іваном. Іван
2. Хлопці йдуть на гокей з татом. _______
3. У суботу ми читаємо з Іриною. _______
4. Куди ти йдеш з Тарасом? _______
5. Хто це з Андрієм? _______
6. Панна Струк читає з Надею. _______
7. Чому ви не граєте з Василем? _______
8. Коли мама йде додому з дідом? _______
9. Я пишу листа до баби з Тарасиком. _______
10. Ми йдемо на концерт з мамою. _______

Part B. Create questions or responses for each of the numbers above.

1. З ким Тереса грає в карти?
2. _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________
4. _______________________________________
5. _______________________________________
6. _______________________________________
7. _______________________________________
8. _______________________________________
9. _______________________________________
10. _______________________________________

Part С. Supply the missing word in the Instrumental case.

Давальний відмінок
Dative Case

Ukrainian nouns in the Dative Case are used:

• to indicate an indirect object of a verb

This simply means that if there are two nouns following a verb, the first noun will be the direct object.

She’s writing a letter to a friend.

The second noun will be the indirect object.

She’s writing a letter to a friend.

In Ukrainian, the indirect object is expressed in the same way as in English, without using the prepositions ‘to’ or ‘for’. Instead, the noun endings will change.

At this point in your studies you are not expected to use these endings, but it will be helpful if you can recognize the endings of the Dative Case should you come across them in coming Units .

direct indirect

Tamara is writing a letter to Oksana. (To whom?)

Тамара пише листа Оксані. (Кому?)

Ukrainian nouns in the Dative Case are also used:

• with certain verbs

Certain verbs in Ukrainian are followed by nouns in the Dative Case, when the question Кому? is answered by the noun. One of the verbs, as shown above, is писати. In Lesson 3 of Unit VII you will be introduced to another verb, телефонувати (to phone), which is used with the Dative case.

Жіночий рід - Feminine gender

The ending for feminine nouns in the Dative Case is identical to feminine noun endings in the Locative Case:

а --- і

дівчина --- дівчині

Мама читає журнал дівчині.

Note the following additional change to feminine names ending in ка:

ка --- ці

Оленка --- Оленці

Feminine names ending in ія change to ії:

ія --- ії

Софія --- Софії

The verb писати can be followed by either the Genitive Case or the Dative Case, as follows:

Genitive Case + preposition до:

До кого ти пишеш е-листа? Я пишу до Оксани.

Dative Case without a preposition:

Кому ти пишеш е-листа? Я пишу Оксані.

Note the difference in questioning patterns, depending on which Case is chosen.

Чоловічий рід – Masculine gender

Masculine nouns ending in hard consonants will add the ending ові in the Dative Case.

Іван --- Іванові

Masculine nouns ending in soft consonants will change ь to еві, й to єві.

ь --- еві

Василь --- Василеві

й --- єві

Андрій --- Андрієві

Neuter nouns are rarely used in the Dative Case, therefore, we will not present their endings here.

Exercise 2.ii

Part A: Read each sentence aloud. Then underline the noun which appears in the Dative case and write the Nominative case of the noun in the space given on the right.

1. Тереса пише листа жінці. жінка

2. Вони пишуть листа Надії. _________

3. Ми читаємо журнал дідові. _________

4. Пані Юрчук пише "Дякую” вчительці. _________

5. Хлопці пишуть е-листа дівчині. _________

6. Я читаю словник татові. _________

7. Вона пише „До побачення” Андрієві . _________

Part B: Create questions for the sentences above using the questioning word Кому? referring to the noun in the Dative Case.

1. Кому Тереса пише листа?
   
2. _________________________________________
   
3. _________________________________________
   
4. _________________________________________
   
5. _________________________________________
   
6. _________________________________________
   
7. _________________________________________

Знахідний відмінок: Перевірка
Accusative Case: Review

In Units I, V and VI you were introduced to the Accusative Case of masculine and selected feminine nouns. If you recall, the Accusative Case is used:

1. After the preposition про:

Я читаю про футбол.

* Masculine inanimate nouns do not change

Я пишу про Канаду.

* Feminine nouns change their ending а to у and я to ю.

2. After the preposition у (в) and the days of the week:

Я читаю в понеділок.

* Masculine inanimate nouns do not change

Чи ти граєш у суботу?

* Feminine nouns change their ending а to у and я to ю.

3. With the action verb грати + the preposition у / в (sports):

Саскатун і Вінніпеґ грають у футбол.

* Masculine inanimate nouns do not change .

4. With the action verb іти (йти) + the preposition на (to an event):

Дівчата йдуть на баскетбол.

* Masculine inanimate nouns do not change

5. As the direct object of a verb:

Він читає словник.

* Masculine inanimate nouns do not change .

Exercise 2.iii

Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the Accusative Case. Identify the specific use of the noun in the sentence by referring to numbers 1 – 5 given in the review above.