In Lesson 2 you will focus your attention on three cases, the Genitive, Locative and Accusative, in the following contexts:

1. Genitive Case – used with the preposition до (to).
2. Locative Case – used with the preposition у (в) when indicating a static location.
3. Accusative case - used with the preposition у (в) and the days of the week and also used as the direct object of a verb.

Вислови Expressions

Справді? - Really ? Truly ?

так часто - so often, so frequently

Іменники: Відмінки Nouns: Cases

Родовий Відмінок
Genitive Case

Unit VI introduces you to the Genitive case. This case is interesting and at times complex because it has multiple uses in Ukrainian sentences.

The preposition до (to) is used with the Genitive case. Masculine and feminine nouns must change their form when used in the Genitive case, as described below.

Жіночий рід - Feminine gender

The feminine hard noun ending a changes to и in the Genitive case.

Лариса --- до Лариси

Я пишу листа до Лариси.

Feminine nouns ending in the soft/iotized vowel я will change to i.

Соня --- до Соні

Я пишу листа до Соні.

The questioning phrase До кого...? (To whom…?) is used to create the question for the sentences given above.

VI. Exercise 2.i

Read each sentence aloud. Underline the noun which appears in the Genitive case and write the Nominative case of the noun in the space given on the right.

Create a question for the sentence, using the phrase До кого...?

Чоловічий рід – Masculine gender

Masculine nouns which are animate (living) and end in a hard consonant will have the letter a added to their ending.

дід --- до діда

Петрик пише до діда.

Masculine nouns which end in the vowel o will change to a.

Дмитро --- до Дмитра

Masculine nouns ending in the soft sign ь will change to я.

учитель --- до вчителя

VI. Exercise 2.ii

Read each sentence aloud. Underline the noun which appears in the Genitive case and write the Nominative case of the noun in the space given on the right.

Create a question for the sentence, using the phrase До кого...?

VI. Exercise 2.iii

Complete the exercise by using the Genitive case of the names provided.

Знахідний Відмінок
Accusative Case

In previous units you were introduced to the Accusative case. This case is used:

• as the direct object of a verb

• with certain prepositions, such as про.

In Unit VI we will focus on the Accusative case as used with the days of the week and the preposition у (в) (in). The days of the week in Ukrainian are listed below. They are NOT capitalized, unless they happen to appear as the first word in a sentence or title.

Дні тижня
Days of the Week

неділя - Sunday

понеділок - Monday

вівторок - Tuesday

середа - Wednesday

четвер - Thursday

п’ятниця - Friday

субота - Saturday

The names of the days of the week appear in the Nominative case.

If an event or activity is currently taking place or has already taken place on a particular day, the preposition у (в) is used before the name of that day and the day then takes the Accusative case.

You will note that English speakers are accustomed to saying that something is taking place “on Monday” or “on Friday”. In Ukrainian, an activity takes place “in Monday” or “in Friday”. You must think of something being planned “within the day”, rather than “on the day”.

The masculine nouns понеділок, вівторок, четвер do not change endings. Remember that masculine inanimate nouns do not change form in the Accusative case.

понеділок --- у понеділок

вівторок --- у вівторок

четвер --- у четвер

The feminine nouns середа, п’ятниця, субота, неділя change their ending as follows: a changes to у and я changes to ю.

середа --- у середу

п’ятниця --- у п’ятницю

субота --- у суботу

неділя --- у неділю

VI. Exercise 2.iv

Complete the exercise by inserting the days of the week. Use the calendar as your guide.

VI. Exercise 2.v

Read the sentences out loud. Underline the noun which appears in the Accusative case and supply the Nominative case in the space on the right.

Місцевий відмінок
Locative Case

The Locative case has one main purpose:

• to indicate the location of a noun.

Nouns in this case are always preceded by one of two prepositions: у (в) or на. The Locative case usually ends in the vowel i.

Едмонтон --- в Едмонтоні

Лариса живе в Едмонтоні, Петрику.

Below are examples of some familiar geographical names used in the Locative case. You have already seen that masculine nouns which end in a consonant take the vowel i.

Саскачеван

• Саскатун – місто в Саскачевані.

One exception to note is the letter г, which is replaced with з in the Locative case.

Вінніпеґ

• Оленка живе у Вінніпезі*.

* In Canada the term Вінніпеґу is also used frequently. You may have heard this from your parents or grandparents – especially if they live there!

Feminine nouns change their ending from a to i or from я to ї:

Оттава

• Хлопці в Оттаві

Британська Колюмбія

• Ванкувер у Британській Колюмбії.

Neuter nouns change their ending from o to i.

Торонто

• Вони грають у бейсбол у Торонті *

* In Ukraine the term Торонто remains unchanged in the Locative Case.

VI. Exercise 2.vi

Study the map below. Read the sentences given and with the help of a dictionary, translate them into proper English. The dash which is used in the Ukrainian sentences may be replaced by the verb ‘is’ or ‘are’.

Read the sentences once again in Ukrainian to become more comfortable with Canadian geographic terms. You may answer the last question with the name of your own city/town!

VI. Exercise 2.vii

Complete the sentences with the correct word in the Locative case. If you need to refresh your memory, go back to Unit III, Lesson 2.

• Вікторія – місто в Британській Колюмбії.

1. Торонто – місто в ____________________.
   
2. Калґарі – місто в _____________________.
   
3. Квебек – провінція в ___________________.
   
4. Ріджайна – місто в _____________________.
   
5. Вайтгорс – місто в _____________________.
   
6. Іквалуіт – місто в _____________________.
   
7. Сейнт Джонз – місто в _____________________.
   
8. Манітоба – провінція в _____________________.
   

Листи та е-листи
Letters and e-mail

Although traditional letter-writing (using stamps and mail delivery) has been a popular form of communication for many years, it is now becoming more common to send letters or messages by e-mail (electronic mail), through the world wide network known as the internet. The speed of delivery of messages and access to important information is quite amazing!

Perhaps you signed up for this course because it is being delivered electronically through the internet. The term e-mova was chosen purposefully to convey the new electronic format for delivering mova. “Mova” is the English transliteration of the Ukrainian word мова (language).

Ukraine is quickly becoming a computer friendly country and traditional forms of letter-writing to friends or corresponding for business purposes is gradually being replaced with e-mail. Internet cafes (Інтернет кафе) have become commonplace in most major centres.

While the young generation prefers to use this newer technology, older people remain loyal to traditional ways of sending mail. With many new demands for faster, more efficient delivery of information, Ukraine ’s society now relies heavily on computers for transactions in the workplace and beyond the country’s borders.

Computer terms are quite similar in most languages due to their common origin from the English language. Some frequently used Ukrainian computer terms are given below.

комп’ютер - computer

інтернет - internet

е-лист * ‘electronic’ letter, e-mail

е-адреса * ‘electronic’ address, internet address

е-пошта (е-мейл)* e-mail

лінк - link

файл - file

веб-сайт - website

* NOTE: Abbreviated forms of електронний лист, електронна адреса, електронна пошта are used in this course . The term е-мейл is also used for e-mail. Although these Ukrainian terms are commonly used on the internet, they do not yet appear in most Ukrainian dictionaries .

In the Unit VI dialogue, Olenka is writing a letter to her friend Larissa in the traditional manner.

Я пишу листа до Лариси.

This dialogue could easily incorporate computer technology and e-mail by changing the sentence to read:

Я пишу е-листа до Лариси.

Consider this new scenario as you work through the exercise below.

VI. Exercise 2. viii

Olenka is sitting at her desk in front of a computer when Petryk comes to speak with her. Read the new version of the dialogue orally.

VI. Exercise 2.ix

Compose a short e-mail message to your instructor, using Ukrainian words and phrases which you have learned in the course.