This Lesson offers an overview of all cases as presented in previous Units of this course . A summative chart has been given for reference.
Тихо - Quiet! Be quiet.
Знову?! - Again?!
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Іменники: Відмінки
Nouns: Cases |
The summative chart of noun declensions* below highlights the importance of correct “endings” to the structure of Ukrainian sentences. Please note that the chart only covers what you have studied to this point! More information will be presented in the coming Units.
* Declensions are case endings. This is the proper term for describing how nouns change their endings in order to show their relationship to other words in sentences [i.e. subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition. )
You have been introduced to all of the Ukrainian cases in the singular form. Now, all that remains is for you to practise what you know in order to gain confidence with spoken and written Ukrainian!
CASE |
DESCRIPTION |
USE
|
Nominative
Називний |
Basic form of any noun; it tells you who or what the sentence is really about. Helpful questions: Who? What? |
Subject of the sentence
Хто? Що? |
Vocative
Кличний |
This case always refers to a person's name, their status/title, or a collective group. |
Form of address when speaking directly to an individual or a group.
|
Accusative
Знахідний |
This noun receives the action of certain verbs. The case shows movement or activity. Helpful questions: When? About whom ? About what? |
- Direct object of verbs such as писати, читати, мати.
- after the prepositions у/в, на and verbs which conveys action, such as грати, or motion, such as іти.
- after the preposition у/в and the days of the week or the months.
- after the preposition про
Що? Коли? У що? Про що? Про кого?
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Locative
Місцевий |
This case shows the stationary location of someone or something. Helpful question: Where? |
- after the prepositions у/в, на, при when no motion is involved.
Де?
|
Genitive
Родовий |
This case is best know for showing possession (Note: there is no 's or s' in Ukrainian) and for its use in negative sentences. It is used after several prepositions and when speaking about partial quantities. Helpful questions: To whom?
|
- after the preposition до
До кого? |
Instrumental
Орудний |
Nouns in this case indicate the important (instrumental) role something or someone plays in order for something to take place. Helpful questions: With whom? With what? How?
|
- after the preposition з
З ким? |
Dative
Давальний |
The case is used to show how someone or something is indirectly connected to the action conveyed by the verb. Helpful questions: To/For whom? |
- indirect object of verbs such as телефонувати .
Кому? |
VIII. Exercise 2.i
Complete the exercise by using the noun in parentheses in the appropriate case. Identify the case name (відмінок) of the noun you have placed in the sentence in the blank space provided.
1. До кого ви часто телефонуєте, хлопці? (Дем’ян) В: Родовий
Ми часто телефонуємо до Дем’яна.
2. До кого ти пишеш у неділю? (Маруся) В: ____________
_____________________________________________________________
3. Де живуть гуцули, Орисю? (Гуцульщина) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
4. Де живе Андрій Шевченко? (Україна) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
5. Де тато, мамо? (Ванкувер) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
6. Хто йде на футбол з Оксаною? (Ігор) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
7. Хто має полтавський костюм? (Лана, Дмитро) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
8. З ким розмовляють студенти? (учитель) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
9. З ким ви йдете на концерт, панно Маріє? (пан Шпак) В: ____________
______________________________________________________________
10. З ким Україна грає у футбол? (Канада) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
11. Коли ви танцюєте полтавські танці? (понеділок) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
12. Коли ми телефонуємо до діда? (п’ятниця) В: _____________
_____________________________________________________________
13. У що грає Андрій Шевченко? (футбол) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
14. Про що вони читають на інтернеті? (Буковина) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
15. Про кого ви пишете, пане Гнатюк? (Леся Українка) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
16. Де Оленка, Петрику? (телефон) В: _____________
______________________________________________________________
VIII . Exercise 2.ii
Read each sentence aloud. Underline all the nouns. Write the Nominative case of each noun in the space(s) given on the right.
| • Олена пише листа до Данила. |
лист |
Данило |
| |
|
|
| 1. Куди ти йдеш, Віро? |
|
_____________ |
| 2. Тепер ми йдемо на гокей з Іриною. |
_____________ |
_____________ |
| 3. Я маю файли в комп’ютері. |
_____________ |
_____________ |
| 4. Усі пишуть e-листи до Степана! |
_____________ |
_____________ |
| 5. До кого ви телефонуєте, мамо? |
|
_____________ |
| 6. Чи вони живуть в Україні? |
|
_____________ |
| 7. Ларисо, що ти робиш у неділю? |
_____________ |
_____________ |
| 8. Хто це розмовляє з Мироном? |
|
_____________ |
| 9. Дівчата йдуть додому з учителем. |
_____________ |
_____________ |
| 10. Іван питає про Марусю. |
_____________ |
_____________ |
| 11. Гори Карпати в західній Україні. |
_____________ |
_____________ |
| 12. Тетяна має буковинський костюм. |
_____________ |
_____________ |
VIII. Exercise 2.iii
Compose a short e-mail message to your friend in the space below, inviting him/her to attend a sports event or a concert with you on a given day this week.
Use some or all of the following words in your message, or use other words which you know.
квитки, гроші, вівторок, концерт/спорт (choose a sport), маю, грають, xoчеш іти, прошу телефонувати, число телефону, Добрий день ________! (Insert friend's name)
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Місяці - Months of the Year
You have been introduced to the days of the week in an earlier unit. Now it is time for you to learn the months of the year in Ukrainian. The word for month in Ukrainian is місяць, which is also the word for moon (reminiscent of the old 'calendar' which used the moons to signal changing months).
| січень - January |
липень - July |
| лютий - February |
серпень - August |
| березень - March |
вересень - September |
| квітень - April |
жовтень - October |
| травень - May |
листопад - November |
| червень - June |
грудень - December |
You will notice that most of the months have a soft ending 'ень', with the exception of February and November.
VIII. Exercise 2.iv
Complete the following exercise by writing in the appropriate month beside the number (with January as the first month of the year). An example is given.
1. місяць № 3 - ____________________________________
2. місяць № 8 - ____________________________________
3. місяць № 4 - ____________________________________
4. місяць № 11 - ___________________________________
5. місяць № 7 - ____________________________________
6. місяць № 5 - ____________________________________
7. місяць № 12 - ___________________________________
8. місяць № 2 - ____________________________________
9. місяць № 9 - ____________________________________
10. місяць № 1 - ___________________________________
11. місяць № 10 - __________________________________
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