This lesson introduces you to some basic word patterns and sentence structures commonly used in Ukrainian. You will see references to phrases which were presented in the dialogue. Lesson 2 also introduces the following information about Ukrainian nouns:

1) Gender - masculine, feminine, neuter (singular)

2) Cases - nominative, vocative (singular)

Вислови Expressions

The following words and phrases are presented in Unit 1 and will be treated as global expressions.

Іменники: Рід Nouns: Gender

In both English and Ukrainian, a noun is the name of a person, place, thing or quality. Ukrainian nouns
generally belong to one of three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The English language does
not have this type of gender distinction. In this lesson, we will look specifically at masculine and feminine nouns.

Чоловічий рід – Masculine Gender

Such nouns refer to a living male being, and generally end in a consonant.

Роман Білан, Тарас Козак, пан Козак

However, masculine living (animate) nouns may also end in the vowel o, the letters ій and the soft sign ь.

• Данило
• Андрій
• хлопець

Masculine non-living (inanimate) noun endings follow the same pattern. More information will be provided
later in the course.

Жіночий рід – Feminine Gender

Feminine nouns referring to living (animate) things and non-living (inanimate) objects generally end in а, я
and on occasion і.

• Галина
• Соня
• пані

Іменники: Відмінки Nouns: Case

Nouns in Ukrainian have seven different forms called cases, which denote the relationship that a noun has to the other words in the same sentence. The English language does not use cases, but many other languages including German, French and Spanish are also case-driven.

Називний відмінок - Nominative Case

This is the basic form of the word before the ending is changed. It is used:

When a noun acts as a predicate. Я Роман. Тут Лариса.

Кличний відмінок - Vocative Case

This case is used when addressing someone or calling out to them. Masculine nouns ending in a consonant
take the ending e.

Nominative Case	Тарас, Роман
Vocative Case	Тарасе , Роман тут. Добридень, Романе!

Feminine nouns ending in a vowel take the ending o.

Nominative Case Оленка

Vocative Case Оленко, прошу ввійти.

The nouns пан (Mr.) and панна (Miss) take the same endings as masculine and feminine nouns. However,
surnames used with these nouns do not change. The noun пані (Mrs., Ms.) and the surname which follows
does not change.

Nominative Case	пан Козак
	пані Козак
	панна Козак
Vocative Case	Добридень, пане Козак!
	Пані Козак, Тарас тут.
	До побачення, панно Козак!

As you will note in all of the examples given, a noun in the Vocative Case is always separated from the
rest of the sentence by a comma. The sentence usually ends with an exclamation mark (!).

Complete the sentence using the Vocative Case of the given noun.

I. Exercise 2.i

1. (Роман) ______________, Тарас тут!

2. (пан Козак) До побачення, __________________!

3. (Лариса) _____________, прошу ввійти.

4. (пані Козак) Дякую, _______________!

5. (Тарас) Добридень, _________________!

6. (Олена) Прошу, ______________ !

7. (Іван) До побачення, __________________!

8. (панна Козак) ___________________, прошу ввійти.

Cultural Enrichment: Practise your Ukrainian handwriting skills by referring to the exercises which have
been placed in the Cultural Enrichment section for Unit I.

Словничок	Граматичні форми	Культура
Dictionary	Structures and Patterns	Cultural Enrichment
Unit Dictionary	Unit Dialogue	Writing Exercises
Cumulative Dictionary	Graphic Organizer