In Lesson 2 you will demonstrate your ability to use sentence patterns and vocabulary which you have learned throughout this course. You will have the opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge of cases, gender and related vocabulary.
There are no new nouns introduced in Dialogue 10, so you may concentrate your efforts on reviewing what you already know about nouns, cases and sentence patterns. 1 . Subject – Verb – Direct Object
Study these sentences from the dialogue. Note that the words листи and журнал are used as direct objects of the verbs хочу писати and хочу читати. At this point, it is important for you to see that there are no prepositions in front of each noun. The nouns answer the question Що? as illustrated below.
Recall that in previous Units, you were presented with similar sentence patterns.
By using this questioning pattern, you will have an easy and straightforward way to determine whether a noun which follows a verb is a direct object in the Accusative Case. 2. Subject – Verb – (Prepositional) Phrase You have already learned that certain prepositions govern (or dominate) certain cases of nouns. Recall some of the phrases from past Units:
These sentences illustrate a second sentence pattern using the Accusative Case in which nouns appear after the prepositions про, на or у(в). An important clue in determining whether these nouns are in the Accusative Case is the ability to ask the questions Про що? На що? У що? (inanimate nouns) or Про кого? (animate nouns). Another helpful hint is in the use of an action verb which shows that some activity is presently taking place or will be taking place shortly. Dialogue 10 contains an example of this sentence pattern using the Accusative Case.
X. Exercise 2.i Answer the following questions using the Accusative Case.
You have reviewed the Accusative Case of nouns in the first segment of this lesson. A short review of the other cases follows. Називний відмінок
You have learned that nouns in the Nominative Case do not change their form. They are used as the subject of a sentence and answer the questions Хто? or Що? X. Exercise 2.ii Fill in the sentences with a noun in the Nominative Case. Then read your sentence aloud.
Кличний відмінок
Next to the Nominative сase, the Vocative case is the easiest to identify in a sentence. The case is used when calling out to someone or getting their attention by using their name, title or some form of address. X. Exercise 2.iii Supply the Vocative form of the nouns given below.
Місцевий відмінок
The Locative Case is used to identify the location of someone or something. There is no movement involved – this case is only used to show a stationary* spot. This case always follows the prepositions на or у (в). It answers the question Де? * Note that this is the opposite of the Accusative Case, which always shows movement or action when the prepositions на or у (в) are used. X. Exercise 2.iv Supply the missing word in the Locative Case.
Родовий відмінок
Your exposure to the Genitive Case has been limited to its use with the preposition до, followed by masculine and feminine animate nouns. You have also learned about pronouns in the Genitive Case, but this will be reviewed in the next lesson. For this particular use, the Genitive Case answers the question До кого? X. Exercise 2.v Answer the following questions by using the given nouns in the Genitive Case.
Орудний відмінок
This case may always be recognized by its unique endings, which are ом / ем for masculine nouns or ою / ею for feminine nouns. The Instrumental Case is most often used after the preposition з (зі, із) with masculine and feminine animate nouns. For this particular use, nouns in this case answer the question З ким? X. Exercise 2.vi Answer the following questions by using the given nouns in the Instrumental Case.
Давальний відмінок Although this case has not appeared in any of the dialogues in this course, you were introduced to the Dative Case in Unit VII. Nouns in this case are used as indirect objects, meaning that they are indirectly connected to the main action of the sentence. For this particular use, it answers the question Кому? Sometimes the Dative Case and Genitive Case can convey the same message, however the format of the sentence changes to reflect the case used.
X. Exercise 2.vii Complete the exercise in order to show how the sentences would be written in both the Dative and Genitive Cases.
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